It is possible that there is no filter on the later models. One of the problem with the older machine references, in all of Bobcat manuals, is that they lumped so many serial numbers together that parts listed may or may not be in a particular machine in the serial number range. It seems to get worse when you have a manual that that has a range of serial number with the “and above” and your machine lands in that category. Sometimes there were manual updates that did not make it into all manuals.
What I normally do to try and find filters on specific machines from the parts list is to enter the machines serial number and then search “filter”. Look at the schematic and check the box next to “View Search Results Only”. It will then only list the results with the word “filter” in them. Then if you click on the part in the list it will highlight the number on the schematic.
I think you are on the correct path for finding your hydraulic problem. There could be a piece of debris that is in the system somewhere. Last resort, you may need to remove and clean out everything on that circuit. There is a similar issue on a newer model ( can’t remember which) where a small part in the circuit was coming loose and intermittently blocking a bend in the hydraulics. The fix was to remove the line, get the loose part out and put it back together without replacing the bad part. It was like a check valve that was never actually needed.